National cyber warfare programs are unique in posing a threat along the entire spectrum of objectives that might harm US interests. Activities could include espionage, hacking, identity theft, crime, and terrorism. These include: national governments, terrorists, industrial spies, organized crime groups, hacktivists, and hackers. Gershwin, the Central Intelligence Agency's National Intelligence Officer for Science and Technology, 21 June 2001.

Industrial Spies and Organized Crime Groupsįor the purpose of this discussion, deliberate threats will be categorized consistent with the remarks in the Statement for the Record to the Joint Economic Committee by Lawrence K.

Though other threats exist, including natural disasters, environmental, mechanical failure, and inadvertent actions of an authorized user, this discussion will focus on the deliberate threats mentioned above. To protect against these threats, it is necessary to create a secure cyber-barrier around the Industrial Control System (ICS). Threats to control systems can come from numerous sources, including hostile governments, terrorist groups, disgruntled employees, and malicious intruders. This access can be directed from within an organization by trusted users or from remote locations by unknown persons using the Internet. Cyber threats to a control system refer to persons who attempt unauthorized access to a control system device and/or network using a data communications pathway.

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